Statutes, regulations and government policy manuals in British Columbia contain
many designations for the administration and governance of land use.
Some designations are common and used frequently, while others are seldom used and
almost forgotten. There are thousands of land use designations already recorded on the
provincial Crown land base. Many are overlapping, and are a legacy of the decision-making
that has occurred over many decades. There is no single, consolidated registry for Crown
land designations, as there is for private land in the Land Title Office. However, there
are a number of registries and information systems where designation information may be
found. For example, the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks manages the Crown Land
Registry Information System, which includes survey information, and information on
designations such as Land Act reserves, parks and provincial forests. The Ministry
of Forests has a forest atlas system which records Forest Act and Forest
Practices Code designations. Other designations are recorded in systems kept by the
individual agencies responsible for managing the designation. Finding out the exact
location and status of all the land designations for a given area can be a difficult
exercise.
One purpose of this Guide is to explain what these designations are for, and how
they may be used, so that the full palette of designations may become better known. Those
involved in land use planning may look to these designations when considering specific
recommendations for a planning area. Doing so may ensure that distinct areas of land are
managed under known rules, so that the priorities and objectives of strategic land use
plans may be realized.
Before the land and resource management planning processes of the 1990s, some agencies
used their designation powers to protect their mandates and promote their programs and
interests. This often occurred without public consultation, and sometimes without
inter-agency or private sector consultation as well. In effect, these designation
decisions were a means of land use planning, although historically they were made on an ad
hoc basis in the absence of a regional or integrated management perspective. Today,
land use designations are used more as a means of implementing land use plans. For
example, provincial park or forest land reserve designations more commonly flow out of
regional or sub-regional planning processes described in Part 1 of the Guide.
There are many different reasons for and functions served by existing land use
designations; however, the main purpose of land use designations is to establish a
priority objective for certain areas of land.
For example, there are designations which establish priorities for forestry,
agriculture, water conservation, wildlife habitat and other priority uses. There are also
designations which do not affect land use activities per se, but serve a purpose
relating to the administration of legislation. For example, a timber supply area is not
exclusively for timber extraction, but identifies an administrative unit for determining
the rate of logging for that area, which forms the basis for apportioning rights to
harvest timber under the Forest Act. Some designations, such as provincial forests,
allow for multiple land uses, while others, such as the agricultural land reserve, are
more restrictive.
There is also a gradation in the intended geographic scope of various designations.
Some designations are purposely designed for smaller, distinct areas, while others cover
broad areas. Some designations are tailored for specific land uses, such as provincial
parks, ecological reserves or recreation sites.
Decisions on land use designations may be made at many different levels: some by the
Legislature or Parliament, some by Cabinet, some by local-level resource management
officials. Designations are also made in various ways: by an act of the legislature, an
Order-in-Council of Cabinet, an order of certain administrative officials, or simply by
designations or notations on maps kept in agency offices. Generally, the more significant
the impact of a designation on social, economic or environmental matters, the more senior
the authority required to make the designation.
There are many possible ways to sort, discuss or organize all the land use designations
available in British Columbia. This Guide has sorted them mostly according to the
primary purpose of the designation. Discussed below are:
- administrative designations for natural resource management;
- designations for parks, recreation and protection;
- designations for wildlife;
- designations for cultural heritage; and,
- designations for community water supply.
All of the land use designations discussed in this section of the Guide are
summarized in a table at the end of Part 4.